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A range of materials may be used for falsework. The main requirements are that they should be adequately strong and stiff for a particular application.
The traditional material is timber, this can be used for all elements in falsework. In many situations this is replaced by proprietary systems, made from steel or aluminium or systems based on scaffolding.
In some types of construction, such as top down construction in deep basements, the ground may be used as a temporary support until the concrete has gained enough strength to be self-supporting.
A specialised form of falsework is the use of compressed air: some dome-like structures have been built where the soffit form face material has been supported by compressed air.
Acknowledgement:
The Concrete Society